Mental health is about emotional, psychological, social, and behavioral well-being—not just the absence of illness. It influences how we think, feel, act, and connect with others, and exists on a spectrum from crisis to thriving. Mental illnesses are diagnosable and treatable conditions, like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, PTSD, and anxiety. Serious mental illnesses can deeply affect daily life and relationships.

Mental illness has many causes, including biological, social, economic, cultural, and life experiences. These influences are known as social determinants of health—the conditions where people live, work, learn, and play. Unequal access to resources leads to unequal opportunities for mental well-being. Stress is a normal response to life’s challenges, but long-term stress can increase the risk of mental illness.